• "Resource Curse" And Investment In Oil And Gas Projects: The New Challenge By P. Stevens.CEPMLP.Vol.11.2002.
  Natural resources should generate wealth and promote both economic development and a reduction in poverty.The logic behind this view can be seen either in terms of common sense or based upon economic development theory.In the case of the latter, capital constraints and dual gap analysis imply the revenues accruing from natural resource projects should break these constraints.However, most countries having an abundance of minerals or oil seem to perform worse in terms of growth and poverty reduction than resource poor countries. Large windfall gains from such projects appear to create severe distortions in the working of the economy and the political system with strongly negative socio-political consequences. This phenomenon is called esource curse.
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• Dispute Resolution In The Oil And Gas Industry - Recent Trends, By Antony Connerty.CEPMLP.vol. 8. 2001
  This Paper looks at recent trends in dispute resolution in the Oil and Gas Industries. There is probably little doubt that the two major methods of dispute resolution are still litigation in the national courts and international arbitration. But it is clear that other dispute resolution processes are being used, amongst them ADR and Expert Determination. To state the obvious, which type of dispute mechanism will be used in any particular case will depend upon the precise nature of the dispute: a jurisdiction dispute arising out of an international contract is likely to be settled by litigation rather than, say, expert determination.
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• Follow the Money: A Guide to Monitoring Budgets[...](Lifting the Resource Curse (1). J. Shultz.OSI/CPS, 2006
  Many countries, rich in natural resources, squander their wealth, enriching a minority, while corruption and mismanagement leave the majority impoverished. This book helpful in learning to work with advocates on issues involving budgets and extractive industry revenues. It targets different audiences NGOs, journalists, investors, and policymakers — in an effort to help these stakeholders promote government transparency and accountability.
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• Open Society Justice Initiative
  The Open Society Justice Initiative, an operational program of the Open Society Institute, promotes rights-based law reform, builds knowledge and strengthens legal capacity worldwide. Justice Initiative projects seek to shape law reform policy and achieve concrete results through hands-on technical assistance; litigation and legal advice; knowledge dissemination and network building; and counsel to donor institutions. The Justice Initiative works in the following thematic areas: national criminal justice reform; international justice; freedom of information and expression; anticorruption; equality and citizenship. Its offices are in New York, Budapest, and Abuja
  The Open Society Justice Initiative pursues law reform activities grounded in theprotection of human rights, and contributes to the development of legal capacity for opensocieties worldwide.
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• Petro-states - Predatory or Developmental?By H. O. Bergesen, T.Haugland& L.Lunde.CEPMLP. vol17. 2006
  Political attention is increasing on the glaring contradiction in most oil-rich countries between natural abundance on economic and social misery. How can it be that oil is not a blessing, but becomes a curse? Although drawing on economic analysis (Dutch disease), the analytical framework established in this report on Angola and Azerbaijan emphases political and institutional factors and concentrates on the role of the state. Selected variables that are likely to decide whether the petro-states become 'predatory' or 'developmental' are studied for both countries. The analysis indicates a danger that oil resources will continue to trickle away instead of trickling down to the benefit of the broader Angolan and Azerbaijani population.
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• Petroleum Revenue Management: The Nigerian Perspective. By Hon. John Udeh, JP
  The issue of oil mineral resources and petroleum revenue in Nigeria has come a long way. From a modest start of about 5,000 barrels of crude oil per day in 1957, the country now has the potential of producing well over 2.4 millions barrels a day. In the same vein the revenue accruing from oil has run into billions of naira over the years as shown in table 1 for 1981 -1999. On oil mineral deposits, a recent publication by the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) states that oil mineral reserves in Nigeria (proven) amount to over 32 billion barrels of crude, while natural gas reserve (proven) is estimated at 260 trillion cubic feet. Further exploration is still being undertaken both on-shore and off-shore, within the Nigerian continental shelf.
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• Rethinking the Resource Curse[...].By P. J. Luong&­E. Weinthal­. Annual Review of Political Science.vol. 9. 2006
  The authors argue over the widely accepted contention that an abundance of mineral resources and the influx of external rents generated from these resources during boom periods are to be blamed for the so-called "resource curse". They offer instead a new research agenda for studying the problem of resorce-rich which states that shifts the locus of study away from the "paradox of plenty" to a more appropriate paradox---that the concentration of wealth impoverishes the state whereas the dispersion of wealth enriches the state. This agenda focuses on three interrelated issues: the structure of ownership over mineral resources, the importance of strong institutions, and the relative influence of domestic versus international factors.
  and costs fiscal institutions mineral monitoring regulatory resources transaction
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• The Centre for Energy, Petroleum and Mineral Law and Policy
  Their on line journal(http://www.dundee.ac.uk/cepmlp/journal/html/about_background.php), provide access to published works in key areas - Natural Resources, Energy and International Business Transactions - Law, Policy, Economics, Finance and Management.
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• Will Chad's Actions be Sufficient in preventing Resource Curse?
  by D.M. Auty. CEPMLP. 2002 Chad commenced its oil production in 2002 and will be exporting vast quantities of oil by 2004. This generated an influx of capital. Other countries in Chad's position have frequently suffered what has become known as "resource Curse". Rather then stimulating growth, a mineral resource has potential to imbalance countries' economies and inducing stagnation or retarding economic growth. The purpose of this paper is to examine what actions Chad is taking in order to counter act any ill effects from the mineral exploitation and associated wealth generation. The paper concludes that although Chad has spent a great deal of time and effort in acting to avoid resource curse it is by no means clear that it will be able to do so.
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• Combating the Natural Resource Curse with Citizen Revenue Distribution Funds:Oil and the Case of Iraq.By Th I.Palley.FIFP.2004
  The current paper suggests the creation of an Iraq oil revenue trust fund that would directly distribute oil revenues to Iraqi citizens. Thus, rather than saving a share of revenues in a trust fund and building up the fund over time, a significant portion of oil revenues would be immediately and directly paid to Iraq 's citizens.
  curse iraq oil palley resource thomas
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• Does Mother Nature Corrupt? Natural Resources, Corruption, and Economic GrowthC.A. Leite, Carlos A. and J. Weidmann. IMF Worki
  This paper argues that natural resource abundance creates opportunities for rent-seeking behavior and is an important factor in determining a country's level of corruption. In a simple growth model, we illustrate the interrelationships between natural resources, corruption, and economic growth, and discuss potential anti-corruption policies. We show that the extent of corruption depends on natural resource abundance, government policies, and the concentration of bureaucratic power. Furthermore, the growth effects of natural resource discoveries and anticorruption policies crucially depend on the economy's state of development. We empirically corroborate the model's implications in a cross-country framework with both corruption and growth endogenized.
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• Economic and Political Reform of Distorted Oil-Exporting Economie. By R.M. Auty. Columbia University. 2004
  The paper examines two potential solutions. First, rapid economic reform may be facilitated by a growth collapse if the ratio of oil reserves to population is low, so that the principal option open to governments to resolve political tensions is by nurturing wealth creation.Second, where oil reserves promise to sustain rents for at least a decade, a more gradual dual track reform may prove viable. This strategy eases the political risk of economic reform by allowing gainers to compensate losers by creating a dynamic market sector in geographical enclaves that offer both domestic and foreign investors immediate access to post-reform conditions of infrastructure, institutions and incentives.
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• Economic and Political Reform of Distorted Oil-Exporting Economie. By Richard. M. Auty
  The paper examines two potential solutions. First, rapid economic reform may be facilitated by a growth collapse if the ratio of oil reserves to population is low, so that the principal option open to governments to resolve political tensions is by nurturing wealth creation.Second, where oil reserves promise to sustain rents for at least a decade, a more gradual dual track reform may prove viable. This strategy eases the political risk of economic reform by allowing gainers to compensate losers by creating a dynamic market sector in geographical enclaves that offer both domestic and foreign investors immediate access to post-reform conditions of infrastructure, institutions and incentives.
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• Economic and Political Reform of Distorted Oil-Exporting Economie. By Richard. M. Auty
  This paper examines two potential solutions. First, rapid economic reform may be facilitated by a growth collapse if the ratio of oil reserves to population is low, so that the principal option open to governments to resolve political tensions is by nurturing wealth creation.Second, where oil reserves promise to sustain rents for at least a decade, a more gradual dual track reform may prove viable. This strategy eases the political risk of economic reform by allowing gainers to compensate losers by creating a dynamic market sector in geographical enclaves that offer both domestic and foreign investors immediate access to post-reform conditions of infrastructure, institutions and incentives.
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• How should Revenues from natural Resources be shared in Indonesia?By R.Bahl & B.Tumennasan. International Studies Program.2002
  Natural resources constitute a great source of wealth in many developing economies. This essay examines the connection between the share of mining in GDP and selected fiscal variables. The author ask two questions. Do countries that relay more heavily on natural resource production show a greater ratio of tax revenue to GDP? Do countries that rely more heavily on natural resources choose more or less decentralized fiscal structures?
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• Initiative for Policy Dialogue (IPD)
  IPD intendeds not only to help countries find solutions to pressing problems, but also to strengthen their institutions and civil societies. It pursues its objectives through four activities: Task Forces together experts from various countries to study complex, controversial economic issues and provide policy alternatives; Country Dialogues prove the quality of official decision making on economic issues, and open discussion to a broader array of participants; Capacity building through a Journalism Workshops and Journalism Premier enables civil society to participate effectively in the policy-making process, and Research improves the intellectual foundation for debate on development issues
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• Lifting the Natural Resource Curse. By Thomas I. Palley
  The paper discusses the fact that the poorest countries possess significant reserves of oil and other natural resources. This occurs because the income from these resources is often misappropriated by corrupt leaders and officials instead of being used to support growth and development.
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• Natural Resources and Violent Conflict: Options and Actions. By Paul Collier , Ian Bannon
  The book explains the links between resource dependence conflict and then considers what can be done to help reduce possible conflicts.The contributors consider the risks of corruption,secessionist movements, and rebel financing. They also consider the roles played by government, the development community, and the country's population and propose an agenda for global action. Focusing on what it can be done collectively to diminish the likelihood of civil war, contributors to this volume suggest practical approaches and policies that could be adopted by the international community-from financial and resource reporting procedures to commodity tracking systems and enforcement techniques, including sanctions, certification requirements, and aid conditionality.
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• Revenue Sharing in Petroleum States. By Roy Bahl. Washington.2002
  The paper raises the question of the sharing of natural resource revenues between different levels of government. It is not a major issue in every country in the world. The author discuss three issues. The first is the linkage between natural resource revenue management and intergovernmental fiscal relations or fiscal decentralization. The second is a normative question: should natural resource revenue be shared between the levels of government and what are the non-emotional arguments about why they should and why they should not. Third, is there a case for a sub-national government natural resource fund? If so, how could it work?
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• Briefing: West Africa and its Oil. By Sthepen Ellis African Affairs.Vol. 102, 2003.
  The USA war against the terrorism increases the strategic value of West Africa oil reserve. This came at the time when there have been massive new discoveries in offshore waters. The article points out the way in which the governs of these countries understood to use their natural resources to promote the welfare of the citizens.
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