- 18th Century French Aesthetics
"The birth of aesthetics as a field lies at the junction between Enlightenment ideals and the teachings of taste: reason is no longer seen as a truth system but increasingly as a faculty of testing and evaluating, and accordingly it cannot put aside as irrelevant the lessons of sentiment and individuality." Read more about this philosophy here.
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- Adriana Craciun-- Women Romantic Writers
Take a look at the Women of the British Romantic period.
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- Chinese Philosophical Etext Archive
This archive contains works of Chinese philosophy and philosophers. Most are in Chinese so you will have to download the Chinese fonts to read them.
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- Divine Right of Kings
Learn about what Rights Kings had, according to contemporary philosophers.
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- ESSAY ONE (1756)
Read this essay on earthquakes and their meaning by Kant here. Written in 1756, Kant discusses the earthquakes of 1755. A good reference.
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- Freedom and Liberty Defined
Today, the majority of Americans, and other citizens of democratic countries, take these principles of democracy for granted. In fact, these principles have been expanded and applied in every aspect of life. However, what did these principles mean to the people of the 18th century? How did they define them?
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- Hume's Concealed Attack on Religion and his early critics
This essay by James Fieser examines Hume's concealed attacks on Religion and his early critics, including his contemporaries. This article originally appeared in the Journal of Philosophical Research, 1995, Vol. 20, pp. 83-101.
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- John Marshall's Judicial Mind - Marshall's Nationalism
John Marshall’s judicial mind consisted of one guiding force, Nationalism. Through his nationalistic philosophy, Marshall attempted to make a strong central government that was subordinate to the constitution. Learn about his Nationalism in this four part series of articles, found on history1700s.com.
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- Kant's "What Is Enlightenment"
Kant's answer to what is the Enlightenment and its relation to Frederick the Great.
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- Lecture 16: The Romantic Era
A lecture on the Romantic Era by Steven Kreis that describes Romanticism, its philosophy and its conflicts with the Enlightenment. He includes links to information on the Romantics.
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- Lecture 9: The Triumph of Science and the 18th Century Philosophe
Read this lecture on the Enlightenment by Steven Kries and learn what the philosophes thought about knowledge and nature. This lecture is a part of Kries's The History Guide web site.
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- Philosophies of The Enlightenment
From the Lecture series on the History of Contemporary Western Philosophy, by Eiichi Shimomissé, learn about the different philosophies that where proposed during this important period in history. You can also, take a look at the other lectures that cover this topic.
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- Published Works of Jeremy Bentham
This is a bibliographic listing of the published works written by Jeremy Bentham. A useful tool for research purposes.
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- Reformers of the Justice System
The philosophers and writers of the Enlightenment contributed to the reformation of the judicial system by advocating the banning of torture and making punishments to fit the crime. Two influential writers were Cesare Beccaria and John Howard.
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- Romanticism
This page outlines the three basic tenets of Romanticism. Here you will notice the difference between Romantic and Enlightened thought.
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- Romanticism: The Alternative to the Enlightenment
Romanticism was in direct competition with the Enlightenment because emotional self-awareness was the foundation of Romantic philosophy.
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- Rousseau
This is a short biography of Rousseau and his works.
A brief discussion of the life and works of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, with links to electronic texts and additional information.
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- Rousseau: Social Contract
Read Rousseau's classic work on society. This classic work is found on the Constitution Society web site.
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- The Enlightenment
This essay by Paul Brians, argues that the Enlightenment has its roots much earlier than the 18th century. It also discusses the heritage of the movement.
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- The Enlightenment, Freemasonry, and The Illuminati
From the American Atheist organization web site, you can read this interesting article by Conrad Goeringer, which is about the influences of these philosophies on the Enlightenment.
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