• Quantum Hardware Companies and Roadmaps Comparison (2025 Edition)
  With so many quantum hardware roadmaps landing recently, I’ve updated my running comparison of the vendors – what they build, how they plan to reach fault tolerance, and, most importantly, how relevant each approach is to a cryptographically relevant quantum computer (CRQC) and whether they can actually deliver on time. Recent roadmap refreshes from major labs and startups point to late‑2020s and early‑2030s milestones and a clear shift from “NISQ experiments” to engineering for scale. Representative examples include IBM’s extended roadmap toward large‑scale systems, Google’s milestone‑based path to an error‑corrected machine, and photonic programs that lean on semiconductor‑foundry techniques.
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