• ISPUB - Paradigm Shift in Hemodynamic Monitoring
  Since the beginning of modern anesthesia, in 1846, the anesthesiologist has relied on his natural senses like finger on the pulse to monitor the patient, aided recently by sophisticated instruments like stethoscope, sphygmomanometer, ECG etc. The first paradigm shift in hemodynamic monitoring can be traced back to the development of cardiac catheterization by Werner Forssmann in 1929 and subsequent introduction of pulmonary artery catheterization and thermodilution techniques, in 1970, by Swan, Ganz and col
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